Spectral Nation

Paano kung ang lumilitaw ngayon bilang isang makapangyarihang larawan ng bansa ay hindi na ang anyo ng isang pamilyar na nilalang (katulad ng larawan ng isang mahal na ina, sa metapora ng ‘Inang Bayan’) kundi ang anyo ng isang multo? Ito ang nakakatawag-pansing proposisyon ng akdang ito (na nasa larangan ng natawag na post-colonial studies), ang imahinasyon ng bansa bilang isang minumultong entidad. Noong binisita namin ang munisipalidad ng Ampatuan (bilang paggunita sa naganap na masaker), nabanggit sa akin ng isa kong kasama na nakakwentuhan niya ang ilang bakwit tungkol sa pagmumulto sa lugar ng mga nasawi sa masaker. Sumagi ito sa aking isip ngayon habang binabasa ang akdang ito ni Peng Cheah. Makikita kaagad dito sa maikling sipi ang proyekto ng akda:

Because postcolonial nationalist Bildung [edukasyon] draws a lot of its strength from narrative fiction, especially that of the bildungsroman, I focus in particular on the difficulties of narrating the postcolonial nation in contemporary Asia and Africa through readings of Pramoedya Ananta Toer and Ngugı wa Thiong’o. The uncontrollable recurrence of figures of ghosts and malignant prostheses in Pramoedya’s and Ngugı’s attempts to reincarnate the national organism indicate that something has gone awry with their projects. The national organism and the culture that was supposed to preserve its life and resurrect it are constitutively possessed by the neocolonial state and other phantomatic processes such as the global culture industry. This requires us to rethink the idea of freedom as the transcendence of finitude. I conclude by suggesting that the most apposite metaphor for freedom today is not the organism but the haunted nation.

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